莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨莫西沙星联合用药方案对耐多药肺结核(MDR-TB)患者血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能的影响。方法:选取2015年9月到2018年1月期间我院收治的90例MDR-TB患者,根据乱数表法将患者分为研究组(n=45)、对照组(n=45),其中对照组给予左氧氟沙星联合常规化疗治疗,研究组则给予莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗,比较两组临床疗效、痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率、血清游离氨基酸和免疫功能,记录两组治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:研究组治疗18个月后的临床总有效率为71.11%(32/45),高于对照组的46.67%(21/45)(P0.05)。研究组治疗18个月后痰菌转阴率、病灶吸收率、空洞闭合率均较对照组高(P0.05)。两组患者治疗18个月后CD4+、免疫球蛋白A(Ig A)、免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)均升高,CD8+降低(P0.05),研究组治疗18个月后CD4+、Ig A、Ig G高于对照组,而CD8+低于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗18个月后缬氨酸、谷氨酸均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者总不良反应发生率比较无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:莫西沙星联合常规化疗治疗MDR-TB的疗效确切,可有效改善患者血清游离氨基酸水平,提高机体免疫功能,同时不增加不良反应发生率。     

不同抗性苹果品种应答轮纹病菌胁迫的差异蛋白质组分析

为鉴定不同抗性苹果(Malus domestica)品种响应轮纹病菌胁迫的抗性相关蛋白表达差异, 以抗病品种华月及易感品种金冠为试材, 采用高通量同位素标记定量(IBT)技术结合液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS)鉴定技术, 对病原菌处理前后抗、感病品种叶片的蛋白质组差异表达进行分析, 共鉴定出171个差异表达蛋白(DEPs)。GO富集及KEGG通路分析表明, 在细胞组分、分子功能和生物过程3类中共注释到686个GO条目, 其中52个DEPs注释于KEGG通路的18个显著差异途径(P<0.05)。亚细胞定位预测分析表明, 171个DEPs中有170个分别定位于8类细胞器。蛋白功能注释分析表明, 46个DEPs注释于7类抗性相关蛋白, 包括类甜蛋白、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、过敏原蛋白、几丁质酶、内切葡聚糖酶以及主乳胶蛋白。此外, 还对抗性相关蛋白的表达特点及基因定量结果进行了分析。该研究结果可为进一步解析抗、感病苹果品种应答轮纹病菌胁迫的抗性机制提供参考。     

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者和坠积性肺炎患者肺内病原菌比较及感染影响因素分析

目的对比老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)患者和坠积性肺炎患者肺内一般病原菌和多重耐药菌的分布,同时分析COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的影响因素。方法对入选COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者下呼吸道痰标本进行培养和鉴定,对比两组患者病原菌以及多重耐药菌的检出率,同时比较两组患者性别、年龄、住院时间、糖尿病病史、有创机械通气治疗和留置尿管等因素对多重耐药菌感染的影响。结果 COPD患者革兰阴性菌的检出率(48.39%)显著低于坠积性肺炎患者(66.13%),COPD患者真菌的检出率(11.06%)显著高于坠积性肺炎患者(2.42%)。两组患者检出的多重耐药菌均以产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肠杆菌科细菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和多重耐药/泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌为主。COPD患者中感染多重耐药菌患者的年龄和住院时间显著高于非感染患者;坠积性肺炎患者中感染多重耐药菌患者的住院时间、机械通气治疗率和留置尿管使用率显著高于非感染患者。结论影响老年COPD患者和坠积性肺炎患者多重耐药菌感染的因素有区别,应有针对性地应用抗生素以减少多重耐药菌的感染。     

结核分枝杆菌小RNA及其作用的研究进展

细菌小RNA是一类长度在50～500个核苷酸之间的不具有编码蛋白质功能,但具有转录后调控作用的RNA,在细菌中参与调控细菌多种生理和病理活动,如调节细菌代谢和毒力作用等过程。近年来,在结核分枝杆菌已经鉴定出近200种小RNA,并证明这些小RNA参与结核分枝杆菌的生理和病理过程。本文对结核分枝杆菌小RNA在细菌生长繁殖、毒力因子调控、细菌耐药和巨噬细胞内应激环境的适应等方面的作用进行综述。     

Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids and P-glycoprotein function: A structure activity relationship study

Conflicts with the notion that specific substrate interactions were required in the control of reaction path in active transport systems, P-glycoprotein showed extraordinarily low specificity. Therefore, overexpression P-glycoprotein excluded a large number of anticancer agents from cancer cells, and multidrug resistance happened. Several kinds of bisbenzylisoqunoline alkaloids were reported to modulate P-glycoprotein function and reverse drug resistance. In order to provide more information for their structure activity relationship on P-glycoprotein function, the effects of tetrandrine, isotetrandrine, fangchinoline, berbamine, dauricine, cepharanthine and armepavine on the P-glycoprotein function were compared by using daunorubicin-resistant leukemia MOLT-4 cells in the present study. Among them, tetrandrine exhibited the strongest P-glycoprotein inhibitory effect, followed with fangchinoline and cepharanthine, and subsequently with berbamine or isotetrandrine. However, dauricine and armepavine showed little influence on the P-glycoprotein function. These data revealed that the 18-membered ring of the bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids maintained the P-glycoprotein inhibitory activity, suggesting that double isoquinoline units connected by two oxygen bridges were indispensable. Moreover, stereo-configuration of bisbenzylisoquinoline 3D structures determined their inhibitory activities, which provided a new viewpoint to recognize the specificity of binding pocket in P-glycoprotein. Our data also indicated that 3D chemical structure was more sensitive than 2D to predict the P-glycoprotein inhibitory-potencies of bisbenzylisoqunoline alkaloids.     

氮代谢参与植物逆境抵抗的作用机理研究进展

近年来,植物所受到的诸如干旱、盐、高温、低氧、重金属胁迫和营养元素缺乏等环境胁迫越来越多,严重影响了植物的生长发育及作物的质量和产量。氮素是植物生长发育所需的必需营养元素,同时也是核酸、蛋白质和叶绿素的重要组成成分,其代谢过程与植物抵抗逆境的能力息息相关。氮代谢是指植物对氮素的吸收、同化和利用的全过程,是植物体内基础代谢途径之一。氮代谢主要从氮素吸收、同化及氨基酸代谢等方面参与植物的抗逆性,并通过调节离子吸收和转运、稳定细胞形态和蛋白质结构、维持激素平衡和细胞代谢水平、减少体内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成以及促进叶绿素合成等生理机制来影响植物抵抗非生物胁迫的能力。因此,提高植物在逆境下的氮代谢水平是减轻外界胁迫对其损伤的一种潜在途径。该文从氮素同化的基本途径出发,分别阐述了氮代谢在干旱胁迫、盐胁迫和高温胁迫等多个方面的逆境抵抗过程中的作用机理,为氮代谢参与植物抗逆性研究提供了有利参考。     

Veliparib overcomes multidrug resistance in liver cancer cells

Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter is one of the most important factors taking responsibility for the progress of multidrug resistance (MDR) in multiple cancers. In this study, we investigated that veliparib, a PARP inhibitor which is in clinical development, could overcome ABCB1-mediated MDR in liver cancer cells. Veliparib could significantly enhance the cytotoxic effects of a series of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in ABCB1-overexpression liver cancer cells. Mechanism study showed that veliparib could significantly enhance the accumulation of doxorubicin in ABCB1-overexpression liver cancer cells, without down-regulating the expression level of ABCB1. Finally, veliparib could significantly inhibit the ATPase activity of ABCB1 transporter. This study could provide information that combine veliparib with other chemotherapeutic drugs may benefit liver cancer patients.